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Network Working Group Wengyik Yeong INTERNET-DRAFT Performance Systems International Tim Howes University of Michigan Steve Hardcastle-Kille University College London Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 1. Status of this Memo This draft document will be submitted to the RFC Editor as a standards document. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Please send comments to the authors, or the discussion group <osi-ds@cs.ucl.ac.uk>. This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working docu- ments of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working docu- ments as Internet Drafts). Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other docu- ments at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in progress." Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other Internet Draft. 2. Abstract The tremendous interest in X.500 [1,2] technology in the Internet has lead to efforts to reduce the high ``cost of entry'' associated with use of the technology, such as the Directory Assistance Service [3] and DIXIE [4]. While efforts such as these have met with success, they have been solutions based on particular implementations and as such have lim- ited applicability. This document continues the efforts to define Directory protocol alternatives but departs from previous efforts in that it consciously avoids dependence on particular implementations. The protocol described in this document is the first of a series of pro- tocols designed to provide access to the Directory while not incurring the resource requirements of the Directory Access Protocol (DAP). This protocol is specifically targeted at simple management applications and Expires 2/15/93 [Page 1] LDAP August 1992 browser applications that provide simple read/write interactive access to the Directory, and is intended to be a complement to the DAP itself. 3. Protocol Model The general model adopted by this protocol is one of clients performing protocol operations against servers. In this model, this is accomplished by a client transmitting a protocol request describing the operation to be performed to a server, which is then responsible for performing the necessary operations on the Directory. Upon completion of the necessary operations, the server returns a response containing any results or errors to the requesting client. In keeping with the goal of easing the costs associated with use of the Directory, it is an objective of this protocol to minimize the complexity of clients so as to facilitate widespread deployment of applications capable of utilizing the Direc- tory. Note that, although servers are required to return responses whenever such responses are defined in the protocol, there is no requirement for synchronous behavior on the part of either client or server implementa- tions: requests and responses for multiple operations may be exchanged by client and servers in any order, as long as clients eventually receive a response for every request that requires one. Consistent with the model of servers performing protocol operations on behalf of clients, it is also to be noted that protocol servers are expected to handle referrals without resorting to the return of such referrals to the client. This protocol makes no provisions for the return of referrals to clients, as the model is one of servers ensuring the performance of all necessary operations in the Directory, with only final results or errors being returned by servers to clients. This protocol is designed to run over connection-oriented, reliable transports, with all 8 bits in an octet being significant in the data stream. Server implementations running over the TCP should provide a protocol listener on port xxx. 4. Elements of Protocol For the purposes of protocol exchanges, all protocol operations are encapsulated in a common envelope, the LDAPMessage, which is defined as follows: LDAPMessage ::= SEQUENCE { messageID MessageID, protocolOp CHOICE { bindRequest BindRequest, Expires 2/15/93 [Page 2] LDAP August 1992 bindResponse BindResponse, unbindRequest UnbindRequest searchRequest SearchRequest, searchResponse SearchResponse, modifyRequest ModifyRequest, modifyResponse ModifyResponse, addRequest AddRequest, addResponse AddResponse, delRequest DelRequest, delResponse DelResponse, modifyRDNRequest ModifyRDNRequest, modifyRDNResponse ModifyRDNResponse, compareDNRequest CompareRequest, compareDNResponse CompareResponse, abandonRequest AbandonRequest } } MessageID ::= INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt) The function of the LDAPMessage is to provide a envelope containing com- mon fields required in all protocol exchanges. At this time the only common field is a message ID, which is required to have a value greater than the value of the ID field of any previous request directed by an LDAP client to a given server in a single LDAP session. The message ID value must be echoed in all LDAPMessage envelopes encap- sulting responses corresponding to the request contained in the LDAPMes- sage in which the message ID value was originally used. In addition to the LDAPMessage defined above, the following definitions are also used in defining protocol operations: IA5String ::= OCTET STRING The IA5String is a notational convenience to indicate that, although strings of IA5String type encode as OCTET STRING types, the legal char- acter set in such strings is limited to the IA5 character set. LDAPDN ::= IA5String RelativeLDAPDN ::= IA5String An LDAPDN and a RelativeLDAPDN are respectively defined to be the representation of a Distinguished Name and a Relative Distinguished Name after encoding according to the specification in [5], such that Expires 2/15/93 [Page 3] LDAP August 1992 <distinguished-name> ::= <name> <relative-distinguished-name> ::= <name-component> where <name> and <name-component> are as defined in [5]. AttributeValueAssertion ::= SEQUENCE { attributeType AttributeType attributeValue AttributeValue } The AttributeValueAssertion type definition is similar to the one in the Directory standards. AttributeType ::= IA5String AttributeValue ::= OCTET STRING An AttributeType value takes on as its value the textual string associ- ated with that AttributeType in the Directory standards. For example, the AttributeType 'organizationName' with object identifier 2.5.4.10 is represented as an AttributeType in this protocol by the string ``organ- izationName''. In the event that a protocol implementation encounters an Attribute Type with which it cannot associate a textual string, an ASCII string encoding of the object identifier associated with the Attribute Type may be subsitituted. For example, the organizationName AttributeType may be represented by the ASCII string "2.5.4.10" if a protocol implementation is unable to associate the string ``organiza- tionName'' with it. A field of type AttributeValue takes on as its value an octet string encoding of a Directory AttributeValue type. The definition of these string encodings for different Directory AttributeValue types may be found in companions to this document that define the encodings of vari- ous attribute syntaxes such as [6]. LDAPResult ::= SEQUENCE { resultCode ENUMERATED { success (0), operationsError (1), protocolError (2), timeLimitExceeded (3), sizeLimitExceeded (4), compareFalse (5), compareTrue (6), Expires 2/15/93 [Page 4] LDAP August 1992 authMethodNotSupported (7), strongAuthRequired (8), noSuchAttribute (10), invalidAttributeSyntax (11), undefinedAttributeType (12), inappropriateMatching (13), constraintViolation (14), attributeOrValueExists (15), noSuchObject (20), aliasProblem (21), invalidAttributeSyntax (22), isLeaf (23), aliasDereferencingProblem (24), inappropriateAuthentication (30), invalidCredentials (31), insufficientAccessRights (32), busy (33), unavailable (34), unwillingToPerform (35), loopDetect (36), namingViolation (40), objectClassViolation (41), notAllowedOnNonLeaf (42), notAllowedOnRDN (43), entryAlreadyExists (44), objectClassModsProhibited (45), other (50) }, errorMessage IA5String } The LDAPResult is the construct used in this protocol to return success or failure indications from servers to clients. In response to various requests, servers will return responses containing fields of type LDAPResult to indicate the final status of a protocol operation request. The errorMessage field of this construct may, at the servers option, be used to return an ASCII string containing a textual, human-readable error diagnostic. If the server chooses not to return a textual diagnos- tic, the errorMessage field of the LDAPResult type should contain a zero length string. 4.1. Bind Operation The function of the Bind Operation is to initiate a protocol session between a client and a server, and to allow the authentication of the client to the server. The Bind Operation must be the first operation request received by a server from a client in a protocol session. The Bind Request is defined as follows: Expires 2/15/93 [Page 5] LDAP August 1992 BindRequest ::= [APPLICATION 0] SEQUENCE { version INTEGER (1 .. 127), name LDAPDN, authentication CHOICE { simple [0] OCTET STRING krbv42LDAP [1] OCTET STRING, krbv42DSA [2] OCTET STRING } } Parameters of the Bind Request are: - version: A version number indicating the version of the protocol to be used in this protocol session. Currently, the only legal value of this field is the numeric value 1. - name: The name of the Directory object that the client wishes to bind as. This field may take on a null value for the purposes of anonymous binds. - authentication: information used to authenticate the name, if any, provided in the Bind Request. The ``simple'' authentication option provides minimal authentication facilities, with the contents of the authentication field consisting only of a cleartext password. This option should be used when unauthenticated or anonymous binds are to be performed, with the field containing a zero length string in such cases. In instances when better authentication facilities are required, the 'krbv42LDAP' and 'krbv42DSA' options should be used, with the fields containing values as returned by the KERBEROS [7] krb_mk_req() calls. Kerberos version 4 authentication to the LDAP server and the DSA is accomplished by using the ``krbv42LDAP'' and ``krbv42DSA'' authentication options, respectively. Each octet string should contain the kerberos ticket (e.g., as returned by krb_mk_req()) for the appropriate service. The suggested service name for authentication to the LDAP server is "ldapserver". The suggested service name for authentication to the DSA is "x500dsa". In both cases, the suggested instance name for the service is the name of the host on which the service is running. Of course, the actual service names and instances will depend on what is entered in the local kerberos principle database. The Bind Operation requires a response, the Bind Response, which is defined as: BindResponse ::= [APPLICATION 1] LDAPResult A Bind Response consists simply of an indication from the server of the Expires 2/15/93 [Page 6] LDAP August 1992 status of the client's request for the initiation of a protocol session. Upon receipt of a Bind Request, a protocol server will authenticate the requesting client if necessary, and attempt to set up a protocol session with that client. The server will then return a Bind Response to the client indicating the status of the session setup request. 4.2. Unbind Operation The function of the Unbind Operation is to terminate a protocol session. The Unbind Operation is defined as follows: UnbindRequest ::= [APPLICATION 2] NULL The Unbind Operation has no response defined. Upon transmission of an UnbindRequest, a protocol client may assume that the protocol session is terminated. Upon receipt of an UnbindRequest, a protocol server may assume that the requesting client has terminated the session and that all outstanding requests may be discarded. 4.3. Search Operation The Search Operation allows a client to request that a search be per- formed on its behalf by a server. The Search Request is defined as fol- lows: SearchRequest ::= [APPLICATION 3] SEQUENCE { baseObject LDAPDN, scope ENUMERATED { baseObject (0), singleLevel (1), wholeSubtree (2) }, derefAliases ENUMERATED { neverDerefAliases (0), derefInSearching (1), derefFindingBaseObj (2), derefAlways (3) }, sizeLimit INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt), timeLimit INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt), attrsOnly BOOLEAN, filter Filter, attributes SEQUENCE OF AttributeType } Filter ::= Expires 2/15/93 [Page 7] LDAP August 1992 CHOICE { and [0] SET OF Filter, or [1] SET OF Filter, not [2] Filter, equalityMatch [3] AttributeValueAssertion, substrings [4] SubstringFilter, greaterOrEqual [5] AttributeValueAssertion, lessOrEqual [6] AttributeValueAssertion, present [7] AttributeType, approxMatch [8] AttributeValueAssertion } SubstringFilter SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, SEQUENCE OF CHOICE { initial [0] IA5String, any [1] IA5String, final [2] IA5String } } Parameters of the Search Request are: - baseObject: A LDAPDN that is the base object entry relative to which the search is to be performed. - scope: An indicator of the scope of the search to be performed. The semantics of the possible values of this field are identical to the semantics of the scope field in the Directory Search Operation. - derefAliases: An indicator as to how alias objects should be han- dled in searching. The semantics of the possible values of this field are, in order of increasing value:- neverDerefAliases: don't dereference aliases in searching or in locating the base object of the search; derefInSearching: dereference aliases in subordinates of the base object in searching, but not in locating the base object of the search; derefFindingBaseObject: dereference aliases in locating the base object of the search, but not when searching subordinates of the base object; derefAlways: dereference aliases both in searching and in locating the base object of the search. Expires 2/15/93 [Page 8] LDAP August 1992 - sizelimit: A sizelimit that restricts the maximum number of entries to be returned as a result of the search. A value of 0 in this field indicates that no sizelimit restrictions are in effect for the search. - timelimit: A timelimit that restricts the maximum time (in seconds allowed for a search). A value of 0 in this field indicates that no timelimit restrictions are in effect for the search. - attrsOnly: An indicator as to whether search results should contain both attribute types and values, or just attribute types. - filter: A filter that defines the conditions that must be fulfilled in order for the search to match a given entry. - attributes: A list of the attributes from each entry found as a result of the search to be returned. An empty list signifies that all attributes from each entry found in the search are to be returned. The results of the search attempted by the server upon receipt of a Search Request are returned in Search Responses, defined as follows: Search Response ::= CHOICE { entry [APPLICATION 4] SEQUENCE { objectName LDAPDN, attributes SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { AttributeType, SET OF AttributeValue } }, resultCode [APPLICATION 5] LDAPResult } Upon receipt of a Search Request, a server will perform the necessary search of the DIT. The server will return to the client a sequence of responses comprised of: - Zero or more Search Responses each consisting of an entry found during the search; with the response sequence terminated by - A single Search Response containing an indication of success, or detailing any errors that have occurred. Each entry returned will contain all attributes, complete with Expires 2/15/93 [Page 9] LDAP August 1992 associated values if necessary, as specified in the 'attributes' field of the Search Request. 4.4. Modify Operation The Modify Operation allows a client to request that a modification of the DIB be performed on its behalf by a server. The Modify Request is defined as follows: ModifyRequest ::= [APPLICATION 6] SEQUENCE { object LDAPDN, modification SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { operation ENUMERATED { add (0), delete (1), replace (2) }, modification SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, values SET OF AttributeValue } } } Parameters of the Modify Request are: - object: The object to be modified. The Distinguished Name value of this field should name the object to be modified after all aliases have been dereferenced. The server will not perform any alias dere- ferencing in determining the object to be modified. - A list of modifications to be performed on the entry to be modi- fied. The entire list of entry modifications should be performed in the order they are listed, as a single atomic operation. While individual modifications may violate the Directory schema, the resulting entry after the entire list of modifications is performed must conform to the requirements of the Directory schema. The values that may be taken on by the 'operation' field in each modif- ication construct have the following semantics respectively:- add: add values listed to the given attribute, creating the attribute if necessary; delete: delete values listed from the given attribute, removing the entire attribute if no values are listed; Expires 2/15/93 [Page 10] LDAP August 1992 replace: replace existing values of the given attribute with the new values listed, creating the attribute if necessary. The result of the modify attempted by the server upon receipt of a Modify Request is returned in a Modify Response, defined as follows: ModifyResponse ::= [APPLICATION 7] LDAPResult Upon receipt of a Modify Request, a server will perform the necessary modifications to the DIB. The server will return to the client a single Modify Response indicating either the successful completion of the DIB modification, or the reason that the modification failed. Note that due to the requirement for atom- icity in applying the list of modifications in the Modify Request, the client may expect that no modifications of the DIB have been performed if the Modify Response received indicates any sort of error, and that all requested modifications have been performed if the Modify Response indicates successful completion of the Modify Operation. 4.5. Add Operation The Add Operation allows a client to request the addition of an entry into the Directory. The Add Request is defined as follows: AddRequest ::= [APPLICATION 8] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, attrs SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, values SET OF AttributeValue } } Parameters of the Add Request are: - entry: the Distinguished Name of the entry to be added. Note that all components of the name except for the last RDN component must exist for the add to succeed. - attrs: the list of attributes that make up the content of the entry being added. The result of the add attempted by the server upon receipt of a Add Request is returned in the Add Response, defined as follows: Expires 2/15/93 [Page 11] LDAP August 1992 AddResponse ::= [APPLICATION 9] LDAPResult Upon receipt of an Add Request, a server will attempt to perform the add requested. The result of the add attempt will be returned to the client in the Add Response. 4.6. Delete Operation The Delete Operation allows a client to request the removal of an entry from the Directory. The Delete Request is defined as follows: DelRequest ::= [APPLICATION 10] LDAPDN The Delete Request consists only of the Distinguished Name of the entry to be deleted. The result of the delete attempted by the server upon receipt of a Delete Request is returned in the Delete Response, defined as follows: DelResponse ::= [APPLICATION 11] LDAPResult Upon receipt of a Delete Request, a server will attempt to perform the entry removal requested. The result of the delete attempt will be returned to the client in the Delete Response. Note that only leaf objects may be deleted with this operation. 4.7. Modify RDN Operation The Modify RDN Operation allows a client to change the last component of the name of an entry in the Directory. The Modify RDN Request is defined as follows: ModifyRDNRequest ::= [APPLICATION 12] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, newrdn RelativeLDAPDN } Parameters of the Modify RDN Request are: - entry: the name of the entry to be changed. - newrdn: the RDN that will form the last component of the new name. The result of the name change attempted by the server upon receipt of a Modify RDN Request is returned in the Modify RDN Response, defined as follows: ModifyRDNResponse ::= [APPLICATION 13] LDAPResult Expires 2/15/93 [Page 12] LDAP August 1992 Upon receipt of a Modify RDN Request, a server will attempt to perform the name change. The result of the name change attempt will be returned to the client in the Modify RDN Response. The attributes that make up the old RDN are not deleted from the entry. 4.8. Compare Operation The Compare Operation allows a client to compare an assertion provided with an entry in the Directory. The Compare Request is defined as fol- lows: CompareRequest ::= [APPLICATION 14] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, ava AttributeValueAssertion } Parameters of the Compare Request are: - entry: the name of the entry to be compared with. - ava: the assertion with which the entry is to be compared. The result of the compare attempted by the server upon receipt of a Com- pare Request is returned in the Compare Response, defined as follows: CompareResponse ::= [APPLICATION 15] LDAPResult Upon receipt of a Compare Request, a server will attempt to perform the requested comparison. The result of the comparison will be returned to the client in the Compare Response. Note that errors and the result of comparison are all returned in the same construct. 4.9. Abandon Operation The function of the Abandon Operation is to allow a client to request that the server abandon an outstanding operation. The Abandon Request is defined as follows: AbandonRequest ::= [APPLICATION 16] MessageID There is no response defined in the Abandon Operation. Upon transmission of an Abandon Operation, a client may expect that the operation identi- fied by the Message ID in the Abandon Request has been abandoned. In the event that a server receives an Abandon Request on a Search Operation in the midst of transmitting responses to that search, that server should cease transmitting responses to the abandoned search immediately. Expires 2/15/93 [Page 13] LDAP August 1992 5. Protocol Element Encodings The protocol elements of LDAP are encoded for exchange using the Basic Encoding Rules (BER) of ASN.1. However, due to the high overhead involved in using certain elements of the BER, the following additional restrictions are placed on BER-encodings of LDAP protocol elements: (1) Only the definite form of length encoding will be used. (2) Bitstrings and octet strings will be encoded in the primitive form only. 6. Security Considerations This version of the protocol provides facilities only for simple authen- tication using a cleartext password. 7. Bibliography [1] The Directory: Overview of Concepts, Models and Service CCITT; Recommendation X.500, 1988 [2] Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- The Directory: Overview of Concepts, Models and Service ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC21; International Standard 9594-1, 1988 [3] Directory Assistance Service M.T. Rose; RFC 1202, February 1991. [4] DIXIE protocol specification T. Howes, M. Smith, B. Beecher; RFC1249, August 1991. [5] A String Representation of Distinguished Names Steve Hardcastle-Kille; OSI-DS document 23 [6] The String Representation of Standard Attribute Syntaxes T. Howes, S. Hardcastle-Kille, W. Yeong, C.J. Robbins; OSI-DS docu- ment 27 [7] Kerberos Authentication and Authorization System S.P. Miller, B.C. Neuman, J.I. Schiller, J.H. Saltzer; MIT Project Athena Documentation Section E.2.1, December 1987 [8] The Directory: Models CCITT; Recommendation X.501 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC21; International Standard 9594-2, 1988 [10] The Directory: Abstract Service Definition Expires 2/15/93 [Page 14] LDAP August 1992 CCITT; Recommendation X.511 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC21; International Standard 9594-3, 1988 Expires 2/15/93 [Page 15] LDAP August 1992 Appendix A Complete ASN.1 Definition Lightweight-Directory-Access-Protocol DEFINITIONS ::= IMPLICIT TAGS BEGIN LDAPMessage ::= SEQUENCE { messageID MessageID, -- unique id in request, -- to be echoed in response(s) protocolOp CHOICE { searchRequest SearchRequest, searchResponse SearchResponse, modifyRequest ModifyRequest, modifyResponse ModifyResponse, addRequest AddRequest, addResponse AddResponse, delRequest DelRequest, delResponse DelResponse, modifyDNRequest ModifyDNRequest, modifyDNResponse ModifyDNResponse, compareDNRequest CompareRequest, compareDNResponse CompareResponse, bindRequest BindRequest, bindResponse BindResponse, abandonRequest AbandonRequest, unbindRequest UnbindRequest } } BindRequest ::= [APPLICATION 0] SEQUENCE { version INTEGER (1 .. 127), -- current version is 1 name LDAPDN, -- null name implies an anonymous bind authentication CHOICE { simple [0] OCTET STRING, -- a zero length octet string -- implies an unauthenticated -- bind. -- Other values in later versions Expires 2/15/93 [Page 16] LDAP August 1992 -- of this protocol. krbv42LDAP [1] OCTET STRING, krbv42DSA [2] OCTET STRING -- values as returned by krb_mk_req() } } BindResponse ::= [APPLICATION 1] LDAPResult UnbindRequest ::= [APPLICATION 2] NULL SearchRequest ::= [APPLICATION 3] SEQUENCE { baseObject LDAPDN, scope ENUMERATED { baseObject (0), singleLevel (1), wholeSubtree (2) }, derefAliases ENUMERATED { neverDerefAliases (0), derefInSearching (1), derefFindingBaseObj (2), alwaysDerefAliases (3) }, sizeLimit INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt), -- value of 0 implies no sizelimit timeLimit INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt), -- value of 0 implies no timelimit attrsOnly BOOLEAN, -- TRUE, if only attributes (without values) -- to be returned. filter Filter, attributes SEQUENCE OF AttributeType } SearchResponse ::= CHOICE { entry [APPLICATION 4] SEQUENCE { objectName LDAPDN, attributes SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { AttributeType, SET OF AttributeValue } }, resultCode [APPLICATION 5] LDAPResult } Expires 2/15/93 [Page 17] LDAP August 1992 ModifyRequest ::= [APPLICATION 6] SEQUENCE { object LDAPDN, modifications SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { operation ENUMERATED { add (0), delete (1), replace (2) }, modification SEQUENCE { type AttributeType values SET OF AttributeValue } } } ModifyResponse ::= [APPLICATION 7] LDAPResult AddRequest ::= [APPLICATION 8] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, attrs SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, values SET OF AttributeValue } } AddResponse ::= [APPLICATION 9] LDAPResult DelRequest ::= [APPLICATION 10] LDAPDN DelResponse ::= [APPLICATION 11] LDAPResult ModifyRDNRequest ::= [APPLICATION 12] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, newrdn RelativeLDAPDN -- old RDN always deleted } ModifyRDNResponse ::= [APPLICATION 13] LDAPResult CompareRequest ::= [APPLICATION 14] SEQUENCE { entry LDAPDN, ava AttributeValueAssertion } Expires 2/15/93 [Page 18] LDAP August 1992 CompareResponse ::= [APPLICATION 15] LDAPResult AbandonRequest ::= [APPLICATION 16] MessageID MessageID ::= INTEGER (0 .. MaxInt) LDAPDN ::= IA5String RelativeLDAPDN ::= IA5String Filter ::= CHOICE { and [0] SET OF Filter, or [1] SET OF Filter, not [2] Filter, equalityMatch [3] AttributeValueAssertion, substrings [4] SubstringFilter, greaterOrEqual [5] AttributeValueAssertion, lessOrEqual [6] AttributeValueAssertion, present [7] AttributeType, approxMatch [8] AttributeValueAssertion } LDAPResult ::= SEQUENCE { resultCode ENUMERATED { success (0), operationsError (1), protocolError (2), timeLimitExceeded (3), sizeLimitExceeded (4), compareFalse (5), compareTrue (6), authMethodNotSupported (7), strongAuthRequired (8), noSuchAttribute (10), undefinedAttributeType (11), inappropriateMatching (12), constraintViolation (13), attributeOrValueExists (14), invalidAttributeSyntax (15), noSuchObject (20), aliasProblem (21), invalidDN (22), isLeaf (23), aliasDereferencingProblem (24), inappropriateAuthentication (30), invalidCredentials (31), Expires 2/15/93 [Page 19] LDAP August 1992 insufficientAccessRights (32), busy (33), unavailable (34), unwillingToPerform (35), loopDetect (36), namingViolation (40), objectClassViolation (41), notAllowedOnNonLeaf (42), notAllowedOnRDN (43), entryAlreadyExists (44), objectClassModsProhibited (45), other (50) }, errorMessage IA5String -- a zero length string signifies -- that the server does not have -- a string message to return } AttributeType ::= IA5String -- text name of the attribute, or dotted -- OID representation AttributeValue ::= OCTET STRING AttributeValueAssertion ::= SEQUENCE { attributeType AttributeType, attributeValue AttributeValue } SubstringFilter SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, SEQUENCE OF CHOICE { initial [0] IA5String, any [1] IA5String, final [2] IA5String } } IA5String ::= OCTET STRING MaxInt ::= 65535 END Expires 2/15/93 [Page 20]